In Vivo Engineering Immune Cells info@cellaris.pt · Figueira da Foz, Portugal

In vivo immune cell engineering
to advance CAR-T therapy

Dual Viral Platform Architecture

For Transient and Integrative In Vivo Targeting

Introduction

Introduction to CAR-T Cell Therapy

An advanced form of adoptive cellular immunotherapy that reprograms a patient's own immune cells to recognize and eliminate cancer.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is an advanced form of adoptive cellular immunotherapy that reprograms a patient's own immune cells to recognize and eliminate cancer. T lymphocytes are genetically engineered to express synthetic receptors called chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), enabling them to specifically identify tumor-associated antigens on the surface of cancer cells.

CAR-T therapies have shown strong success in hematological cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, achieving high response rates in relapsed or refractory patients. Next-generation CAR-T cells aim to overcome challenges in solid tumors, including heterogeneity, limited immune infiltration, and immunosuppressive microenvironments. New designs such as multi-target, logic-gated, and armored CAR-T cells seek to improve targeting, persistence, and therapeutic efficacy.

Platform

Cellaris® Platform Overview

Three pillars working together: precision targeting, programmable payloads, and a non-integrative safety profile with tunable expression duration.

Pillar 01

Engineering the Envelop for Precision

Vector envelope engineering for targeted in-body delivery.

  • Engineered Envelop Proteins
  • Affinity reagents for precise cellular targeting
  • Fusogenic proteins designed to maximize delivery efficiency
Pillar 02

Versatility in Programmable Payloads

A plug-and-play approach to modern medicine.

Programmable Payloads

Integration versatility including:

  • DNA
  • Transient mRNA
  • Genome editors

Programmable Biological Systems

Transforming classic medicine into modular molecular therapies.

Transversal Application

Scalable platform applied to oncology, autoimmune diseases, and rare diseases.

Pillar 03

Non-Integrative Viral Platform

Safety, control, and versatile therapeutics.

Precision and safety

Transient and highly controllable gene expression compatible with DNA and mRNA payloads.

Reinforced safety profile

No genomic integration eliminates risk of mutagenesis and ensures therapeutic reversibility.

Therapeutic Expression Level over Time
Clinical Versatility

Where the platform applies.

Solid Tumors

Local oncolysis

Autoimmune Diseases

Reversible CAR-T

Next-Gen Vaccines

Transient antigen expression

Ecosystem Synergy

Plug-and-play with mRNA platforms & ATMPs

Architecture

Dual Viral Platform Architecture

Targeted Integrative System — targetable viruses for anticancer applications and CAR-T expression and function.

>65%
On-target efficacy

Average efficacy across T-cell subpopulation switching mechanisms.

<6%
Off-target infection

Validation on solid tumor markers HER2+ and GPC3+.

The Pillars

Targeting fidelity, applications & safety

  • Precise Immunomodulation

    Confirmed ability to target T-cell subpopulations (CD4+ and CD8+) with distinct molecular switching mechanisms.

  • Oncology Applications

    Validation of viral delivery on solid tumor markers (HER2+ and GPC3+).

  • Systemic Safety

    In all four scenarios tested, unintended infection (off-target) remained consistently below 10%.

Oncology Expansion

Validation on solid tumor markers

HER2+Breast / Gastric Cancer
GPC3+Hepatocellular Carcinoma
HER2 Precision

Exceptional precision on the HER2 target

Signal-to-noise
Ratio: 19×
Highest specificity recorded in the study.
Platform Expansion

Targeting HER2+ Breast Cancer

Cytolysis Kinetics

High-Efficiency Killing Across Viral Concentrations

HER2+ SKBR3 cytolysis over 96 h at various target : effector ratios

Figure High -efficiency killing across viral concentrations and effector-to-target ratios. HER2⁺ SKBR3 target cells were co-cultured with effector cells engineered under three vector dosing conditions or with a mock control. Killing kinetics are shown as percentage cytolysis over time across three E:T ratios (1:1, 4:1, 8:1). Across all conditions, viral delivery induced rapid, dose-dependent increases in cytolytic activity which were further enhanced at higher E:T ratios.
Tunable Therapeutics

Transient CAR Programming

Targeted Non-Integrative System — mechanisms, kinetics, and the future of tunable therapeutics.

4.1 · Mechanisms

From Viral RNA to Surface Expression

Mechanisms and kinetics of transient CAR programming, from viral RNA delivery to surface expression stability.

Summary of Expression Kinetics

VariantStability ProfileDay 7 Status
WT (Wild Type) High Stability Sustained (>90%)
TM2 Intermediate Moderate (~48%)
TM1 Low Minimal (~15%)
PM (Mutant) Transient Cleared (<5%)
4.2 · Vector Design

Controlling Duration through Vector Design

Integrative (iLV) for permanent modification vs Non-Integrative (niLV) for transient expression — choose your duration.

Summary of Expression Kinetics

VariantStability ProfileDay 7 Status
WT (Wild Type) High Stability Sustained (>90%)
TM2 Intermediate Moderate (~48%)
TM1 Low Minimal (~15%)
PM (Mutant) Transient Cleared (<5%)
4.3 · The Knob

The Future of Tunable Therapeutics

Transient CAR programming offers a modular platform for controlled, temporal immunotherapy.

Summary of Expression Kinetics

VariantStability ProfileDay 7 Status
WT (Wild Type) High Stability Sustained (>90%)
TM2 Intermediate Moderate (~48%)
TM1 Low Minimal (~15%)
PM (Mutant) Transient Cleared (<5%)
Safety Validation

Validated Safety Profile

Assessing viral integration with high-sensitivity Nested Alu-PCR — confirming the absence of mutagenic risk.

Methodology

Assessing viral integration for Transient CAR-T

Objective: Verify that the transient CAR-T vector functions episomally, without permanent genomic modification.
Safety Profile

High-sensitivity detection · zero integration

Integration Risk

Nested Alu-PCR provides high-sensitivity detection of host-virus junctions.

Clear Differentiation

Standard LV integration is robustly detected, validating the assay’s performance.

Confirmed Transience

Lvni shows complete absence of integration, minimizing mutagenic risk.

Reference. Gonçalves, J., Cardoso, M., Henrique, M., Brandão, J., & Paula, C. Exploring lentiviral platforms for transient and integrative in vivo targeting: Integrative vs non-integrative strategies for tunable CAR persistence. Poster presented at the 9th CAR-TCR Summit Europe, 2026.

Advanced Vector Architecture
& CAR Construct Design

Viral Capsid

Envelope Proteins

Targeting Ligands

Tropism Modifiers

GENOME CASSETTE MAP
PROMOTER
CAR CONSTRUCT
REGULATORY DATA
CAR Construct
Architecture
  • scFv Antigen Recognition Domain
  • Hinge & Transmembrane Region
  • Costimulatory Domain (CD28 / 4-1BB)
  • CD3ζ Signaling Domain
  • Optional Safety Switch Module
In vivo immune cell engineering
to advance CAR-T therapy
For Transient and Integrative In Vivo Targeting
Translational Impact
01

Reduces dependence on ex vivo manufacturing

Shifts CAR programming from centralized, time-intensive production toward simpler, potentially point-of-care administration.

02

Enables tunable CAR persistence strategies

Choice of integrative vs non-integrative delivery supports durable activity when needed, or transient, repeatable dosing for safety-sensitive use cases.

03

Modular targeting / promoter design

Antibody-guided tropism and cell-selective promoters can be combined to optimize who is engineered, where, and how strongly the payload is expressed.

Targeted viral delivery enables in vivo CAR-T programming with tunable persistence and an improved path to specificity and safety.